Updated Jan-2023 100% Cover Real XK0-004 Exam Questions – 100% Pass Guarantee [Q160-Q181]

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Updated Jan-2023 100% Cover Real XK0-004 Exam Questions – 100% Pass Guarantee

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CompTIA XK0-004 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic Details

Hardware and System Configuration – 21%

Explain Linux boot process concepts. 1.Boot loaders

  • GRUB
  • GRUB2

2.Boot options

  • UEFI/EFI
  • PXE
  • NFS
  • Boot from ISO
  • Boot from HTTP/FTP

2.File locations

  • /etc/default/grub
  • /etc/grub2.cfg
  • /boot
  • /boot/grub
  • /boot/grub2
  • /boot/ef

3.Boot modules and files

  • Commands
    mkinitrd
    dracut
    grub2-install
    grub2-mkconfig
  • initramfs
  • efi files
  • vmlinuz
  • vmlinux

4.Kernel panic

Given a scenario, install, configure, and monitor kernel modules. 1.Commands

  • lsmod
  • insmod
  • modprobe
  • modinfo
  • dmesg
  • rmmod
  • depmod

2.Locations

  • /usr/lib/modules/[kernelversion]
  • /usr/lib/modules
  • /etc/modprobe.conf
  • /etc/modprobe.d/
Given a scenario, configure and verify network connection parameters. 1.Diagnostic tools

  • ping
  • netstat
  • nslookup
  • dig
  • host
  • route
  • ip
  • ethtool
  • ss
  • iwconfig
  • nmcli
  • brctl
  • nmtui

2.Configuration files

  • /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
  • /etc/sysconfig/network
  • /etc/hosts
  • /etc/network
  • /etc/nsswitch.conf
  • /etc/resolv.conf
  • /etc/netplan
  • /etc/sysctl.conf
  • /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf

3.Bonding

  • Aggregation
  • Active/passive
  • Load balancing
Given a scenario, manage storage in a Linux environment. 1.Basic partitions

  • Raw devices
  • GPT
  • MBR

2.File system hierarchy

  • Real file systems
  • Virtual file systems
  • Relative paths
  • Absolute paths

3.Device mapper

  • LVM
  • mdadm
  • Multipath

4.Tools

  • XFS tools
  • LVM tools
  • EXT tools
  • Commands
    mdadm
    fdisk
    parted
    mkfs
    iostat
    df
    du
    mount
    umount
    lsblk
    blkid
    dumpe2fs
    resize2fs
    fsck
    tune2fs
    e2label

5.Location

  • /etc/fstab
  • /etc/crypttab
  • /dev/
  • /dev/mapper
  • /dev/disk/by-
    id
    uuid
    path
    multipath
  • /etc/mtab
  • /sys/block
  • /proc/partitions
  • /proc/mounts

6.File system types

  • ext3
  • ext4
  • xfs
  • nfs
  • smb
  • cifs
  • ntfs
Compare and contrast cloud and virtualization concepts and technologies. 1.Templates

  • VM
  • OVA
  • OVF
  • JSON
  • YAML
  • Container images

2.Bootstrapping

  • Cloud-init
  • Anaconda
  • Kickstart

3.Storage

  • Thin vs. thick provisioning
  • Persistent volumes
  • Blob
  • Block

4.Network considerations

  • Bridging
  • Overlay networks
  • NAT
  • Local
  • Dual-homed

5.Types of hypervisors
6.Tools

  • libvirt
  • virsh
  • vmm
Given a scenario, configure localization options. 1.File locations

  • /etc/timezone
  • /usr/share/zoneinfo

2.Commands

  • localectl
  • timedatectl
  • date
  • hwclock

3.Environment variables

  • LC_*
  • LC_ALL
  • LANG
  • TZ

4.Character sets

  • UTF-8
  • ASCII
  • Unicode

Systems Operation and Maintenance – 26%

Given a scenario, conduct software installations, configurations, updates, and removals. 1.Package types

  • .rpm
  • .deb
  • .tar
  • .tgz
  • .gz

2.Installation tools

  • RPM
  • Dpkg
  • APT
  • YUM
  • DNF
  • Zypper

3.Build tools

  • Commands
    make
    make install
    ldd
  • Compilers
  • Shared libraries

4.Repositories

  • Configuration
  • Creation
  • Syncing
  • Locations

5.Acquisition commands

  • wget
  • curl
Given a scenario, manage users and groups. 1.Creation

  • useradd
  • groupadd

2.Modification

  • usermod
  • groupmod
  • passwd
  • chage

3.Deletion

  • userdel
  • groupdel

4.Queries

  • id
  • whoami
  • who
  • w
  • last

5.Quotas

  • User quota
  • Group quota

6.Profiles

  • Bash parameters
    User entries
    – .bashrc
    – .bash_profile
    – .profile
  • Global entries
    /etc/bashrc
    /etc/profile.d/
    /etc/skel
    /etc/profile

7.Important files and file contents

  • /etc/passwd
  • /etc/group
  • /etc/shadow
Given a scenario, create, modify, and redirect files. 1.Text editors

  • nano
  • vi

2.File readers

  • grep
  • cat
  • tail
  • head
  • less
  • more

3.Output redirection

  • <
  • >
  • |
  • <<
  • >>
  • 2>
  • &>
  • stdin
  • stdout
  • stderr
  • /dev/null
  • /dev/tty
  • xargs
  • tee
  • Here documents

4.Text processing

  • grep
  • tr
  • echo
  • sort
  • awk
  • sed
  • cut
  • printf
  • egrep
  • wc
  • paste

5.File and directory operations

  • touch
  • mv
  • cp
  • rm
  • scp
  • ls
  • rsync
  • mkdir
  • rmdir
  • ln
    Symbolic (soft)
    Hard
  • unlink
  • inodes
  • find
  • locate
  • grep
  • which
  • whereis
  • diff
  • updatedb
Given a scenario, manage services. 1.Systemd management

  • Systemctl
    Enabled
    Disabled
    Start
    Stop
    Mask
    Restart
    Status
    Daemon-reload
  • Systemd-analyze blame
  • Unit files
    Directory locations
    Environment parameters
  • Targets
  • Hostnamectl
  • Automount

2.SysVinit

  • chkconfig
    on
    off
    level
  • Runlevels
    Definitions of 0–6
    /etc/init.d
    /etc/rc.d
    /etc/rc.local
    /etc/inittab
    Commands
    -runlevel
    -telinit
  • Service
    Restart
    Status
    Stop
    Start
    Reload
Summarize and explain server roles. 1.NTP
2.SSH
3.Web
4.Certificate authority
5.Name server
6.DHCP
7.File servers
8.Authentication server
9.Proxy
10.Logging
11.Containers
12.VPN
13.Monitoring
14.Database
15.Print server
16.Mail server
17.Load balancer
18.Clustering
Given a scenario, automate and schedule jobs. 1.cron
2.at
3.crontab
4.fg
5.bg
6.&
7.kill
8.Ctrl+c
9.Ctrl+z
10.nohup
Explain the use and operation of Linux devices. 1.Types of devices

  • Client devices
  • Bluetooth
  • WiFi
  • USB
  • Monitors
  • GPIO
  • Network adapters
  • PCI
  • HBA
  • SATA
  • SCSI
  • Printers
  • Video
  • Audio

2.Monitoring and configuration tools

  • lsdev
  • lsusb
  • lspci
  • lsblk
  • dmesg
  • lpr
  • lpq
  • abrt
  • CUPS
  • udevadm
    add
    reload-rules
    control
    trigger

3.File locations

  • /proc
  • /sys
  • /dev
  • /dev/mapper
  • /etc/X11

4.Hot pluggable devices

  • /usr/lib/udev/rules.d (System rules – Lowest priority)
  • /run/udev/rules.d (Volatile Rules)
  • /etc/udev/rules.d (Local Administration – Highest priority)
  • /etc/udev/rules.d
Compare and contrast Linux graphical user interfaces. 1.Servers

  • Wayland
  • X11

2.GUI

  • Gnome
  • Unity
  • Cinnamon
  • MATE
  • KDE

3.Remote desktop

  • VNC
  • XRDP
  • NX
  • Spice

4.Console redirection

  • SSH port forwarding
    Local
    Remote
    X11 forwarding
    VNC

5.Accessibility

Security – 19%

Given a scenario, apply or acquire the appropriate user and/or group permissions and ownership. 1.File and directory permissions

  • Read, write, execute
  • User, group, other
  • SUID
  • Octal notation
  • umask
  • Sticky bit
  • SGID
  • Inheritance
  • Utilities
    chmod
    chown
    chgrp
    getfacl
    setfacl
    ls
    ulimit
    chage

2.Context-based permissions

  • SELinux configurations
    disabled
    permissive
    enforcing
  • SELinux policy
    targeted
  • SELinux tools
    setenforce
    getenforce
    sestatus
    setsebool
    getsebool
    chcon
    restorecon
    ls -Z
    ps -Z
  • AppArmor
    aa-disable
    aa-complain
    aa-unconfined
    /etc/apparmor.d/
    /etc/apparmor.d/tunables

3.Privilege escalation

  • su
  • sudo
  • wheel
  • visudo
  • sudoedit

4.User types

  • Root
  • Standard
  • Service
Given a scenario, configure and implement appropriate access and authentication methods. 1.PAM

  • Password policies
  • LDAP integration
  • User lockouts
  • Required, optional, or sufficient
  • /etc/pam.d/
  • pam_tally2
  • faillock

2.SSH

  • ~/.ssh/
    known_hosts
    authorized_keys
    config
    id_rsa
    id_rsa.pub
  • User-specific access
  • TCP wrappers
  • /etc/ssh/
    ssh_config
    sshd_config
  • ssh-copy-id
  • ssh-keygen
  • ssh-add

3.TTYs

  • /etc/securetty
  • /dev/tty#

4.PTYs
5.PKI

  • Self-signed
  • Private keys
  • Public keys
  • Hashing
  • Digital signatures
  • Message digest

6.VPN as a client

  • SSL/TLS
  • Transport mode
  • Tunnel mode
  • IPSec
  • DTLS
Summarize security best practices in a Linux environment. 1.Boot security

  • Boot loader password
  • UEFI/BIOS password

2.Additional authentication methods

  • Multifactor authentication
    Tokens
    -Hardware
    -Software
    OTP
    Biometrics
  • RADIUS
  • TACACS+
  • LDAP
  • Kerberos
    kinit
    klist

3.Importance of disabling root login via SSH
4.Password-less login

  • Enforce use of PKI

5.Chroot jail services
6. No shared IDs
7.Importance of denying hosts
8.Separation of OS data from application data

  • Disk partition to maximize system availability

9.Change default ports
10.Importance of disabling or uninstalling unused and unsecure services

  • FTP
  • Telnet
  • Finger
  • Sendmail
  • Postfix

11.Importance of enabling SSL/TLS
12.Importance of enabling auditd
13.CVE monitoring
14.Discouraging use of USB devices
15.Disk encryption

  • LUKS

16.Restrict cron access
17.Disable Ctrl+Alt+Del
18.Add banner
19.MOTD

Given a scenario, implement logging services. 1.Key file locations

  • /var/log/secure
  • /var/log/messages
  • /var/log/[application]
  • /var/log/kern.log

2.Log management

  • Third-party agents
  • logrotate
  • /etc/rsyslog.conf
  • journald
    journalctl

3.lastb

Given a scenario, implement and configure Linux firewalls. 1.Access control lists

  • Source
  • Destination
  • Ports
  • Protocol
  • Logging
  • Stateful vs. stateless
  • Accept
  • Reject
  • Drop
  • Log

2.Technologies

  • firewalld
    Zones
    Run time
  • iptables
    Persistency
    Chains
  • ufw
    /etc/default/ufw
    /etc/ufw/
  • Netfilter

3.IP forwarding

  • /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
  • /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/forwarding

4.Dynamic rule sets

  • DenyHosts
  • Fail2ban
  • IPset

5.Common application firewall configurations

  • /etc/services
  • Privileged ports
Given a scenario, backup, restore, and compress files. 1.Archive and restore utilities

  • tar
  • cpio
  • dd

2.Compression

  • gzip
  • xz
  • bzip2
  • zip

3.Backup types

  • Incremental
  • Full
  • Snapshot clones
  • Differential
  • Image

4.Off-site/off-system storage

  • SFTP
  • SCP
  • rsync

5.Integrity checks

  • MD5
  • SHA

Linux Troubleshooting and Diagnostics – 20%

 

Q160. A user issues the following command:
ls -l /var/log | egrep -e ‘^d[rwx]{3}.*[rw-]{3}.*’
The list of files in the system is shown below:

Which of the following results matches the command issued?

 
 
 
 

Q161. A technician reviews me following output:

Which of the following commands should the technician execute to ensure the system has the appropriate paging? (Select TWO).

 
 
 
 
 
 

Q162. A systems engineer scheduled an at job that will reboot a critical server. A developer states the processes will not complete for another three hours.
Which of the following will help the systems engineer to remove the job?

 
 
 
 

Q163. Which of the following commands would show the default printer on a Linux system?

 
 
 
 

Q164. As a Systems Administrator, to reduce disk space, you were tasked to create a shell script that does the following:
Add relevant content to /tmp/script.sh, so that it finds and compresses rotated files in /var/log without recursion.
INSTRUCTIONS
Fill the blanks to build a script that performs the actual compression of rotated log files.
If at any time you would like to bring back the initial state of the simulation, please click the Reset All button.

Q165. A systems administrator notices a large number of autoloaded device modules are no longer needed and decides to do a cleanup of them. Which of the following commands will accomplish this task?

 
 
 
 

Q166. A technical support engineer receives a ticket from a user who is trying to create a 1KB file in the /tmp directory and is getting the following error No space left on device. The support engineer checks the /tmp directory, and it has 20GB of free space.
Which of the following BEST describes a possible cause for this error?

 
 
 
 

Q167. A Linux engineer is troubleshooting a newly added SCSI device for a Linux server that needed more disk
space without rebooting. The engineer discovers that the new device is not visible by the Linux kernel in
fdisk -l output. Which of the following commands should be used to rescan the entire SCSI bus?

 
 
 
 

Q168. Which of the following would be used to check a sensor input to a Linux system?

 
 
 
 

Q169. A junior administrator needs to unload an older video kernel module.
Which of the following commands would BEST accomplish this task?

 
 
 
 
 

Q170. A Linux administrator tried to copy files to a remote server but received an error message indicating a lack of free space on the disk. The administrator issued a dfcommand and verified adequate free space and inodes on the filesystem.
Which of the following commands is the BEST way to diagnose the issue?

 
 
 
 

Q171. A systems administrator has finished building a new feature for the monitoring software in a separate Git branch.
Which of the following is the BEST method for adding the new feature to the software’s master branch?

 
 
 
 

Q172. A Linux administrator is adding a static IP address to a network interface on a Linux system. The administrator modifies the ifcfg- eth0 configuration file with the following settings:

After the administrator restarts the Linux server, the system is not connected to the network. Which of the following configuration settings needs to be changed?

 
 
 
 

Q173. A systems administration team has decided to their systems as immutable instances. They keep the desired state of each of their systems in version control and apply automation whenever they provision a new instance.
If there is an issue with one of their servers, instead of troubleshooting the issue they terminate the instance and rebuild it using automation.
Which of the following is this an example of?

 
 
 
 

Q174. A system administrator is troubleshooting a web server that runs in a container. After the log is retained, the container occasionally stops logging to a log file. Fortunately, the vendor provides a custom signal that allows the application to reconnect to the log file. Which of the following would be BEST for the administrator to run the containers?

 
 
 
 

Q175. A systems administrator has received reports of intermittent network connectivity to a particular website. Which of the following is the BEST command to use to characterize the location and type of failure over the course of several minutes?

 
 
 
 

Q176. A server is almost out of free memory and is becoming unresponsive. Which of the following sets of commands will BEST mitigate the issue?

 
 
 
 

Q177. Which of the following are classified as Linux GUI servers? (Choose two.)

 
 
 
 
 
 

Q178. A systems administrator has set up third-party log aggregation agents across several cloud instances. The systems administrator wants to create a dashboard of failed SSH attempts and the usernames used.
Which of the following files should be watched by the agents?

 
 
 
 

Q179. A systems administrator is installing an HTTPD server on a Linux server and configuring it as a proxy server. The administrator runs the following commands to verify that the service is running:

However, the administrator is getting a 503 error when browsing to portal . company. internal. After reviewing the logs, the following error information is discovered:

Which Of the following commands BEST resolves the issue?

 
 
 
 

Q180. A junior Linux administrator is updating local name resolution to support IPv6. The administrator issues the command cat /etc/hosts and receives the following output: 127.0.0.1 localhost
Which of the following actions should the administrator perform to accomplish this task?

 
 
 
 

Q181. A Linux administrator is using a public cloud provider to host servers for a company’s website. Using the provider’s tools, the administrator wrote a JSON file to define how to deploy the servers. Which of the following techniques did the administrator use?

 
 
 
 

Target audience and recommended experience

If you are an IT professional who needs to gain skills in using Linux to manage everything from smartphones and cars to supercomputers and servers, you will get a lot of benefits from pursuing this pathway.

All the potential candidates should have the relevant knowledge of how to deal with different tasks, such as basic maintenance, networking, configuration and installation of workstations, as well as usage of the Linux command line. Besides that, you need to have the CompTIA A+ and CompTIA Network+ certifications and gain about a year of working as a Linux Administrator.

 

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